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An-Nikah: The Islamic Marriage

Mutual Agreement of Bride and Groom.

Marriage (Nikah) is a solemn and sacred social contract between bride and groom. This contract is a strong covenant (Mithaqun Ghalithun) as expressed in Quran 4:21. The marriage contract in Islam is not a sacrament, it is revocable.

Both parties mutually agree and enter into this contract. Both bride and groom have the liberty to define various terms and conditions of their liking and make them a part of this contract.

Ipswich Mosque facilitates the solemnisation of an Islamic contract of marriage. The newly-married couple is provided with an official 'Nikah' certificate to show they have been married according to Islamic Law.

General Islamic Marriage Guidelines

Primary Requirements

1. Mutual agreement (Ijab wa Qabul) by the bride and the groom.
2. Two adult and sensible witnesses.
3. Mahr (marriage-gift) to be paid by the groom to the bride either immediately (muajjal) or deferred (muakhkhar), or a combination of both.

Secondary Requirements

1. Legal guardian (wakeel) representing the bride. If the bride represents herself then a wakeel is no longer required.
2. Written marriage contract (“Aqd-Nikah”) signed by the bride and the groom and witnessed by two Muslim, adult and sane witnesses.
3. Qadi (State appointed Muslim judge).
4. Khutba-tun-Nikah to solemnize the marriage.

Mahr

The marriage-gift (Mahr) is a divine injunction. The giving of mahr to the bride by the groom is an essential part of the contract. 'And give the women (on marriage) their mahr as a (nikah) free gift' (Quran 4:4)

Mahr is a token commitment of the husband’s responsibility and may be paid in cash, property or movable objects to the bride herself. The amount of mahr is not legally specified, however, moderation according to the existing social norm is recommended.

The mahr may be paid immediately to the bride at the time of marriage, or deferred to a later date, or a combination of both. The deferred mahr however, falls due in case of death or divorce.

One matrimonial party expresses 'ijab' willing consent to enter into marriage and the other party expresses 'qubul' acceptance of the responsibility in the assembly of marriage ceremony. The contract is written and signed by the bride and the groom and their two respective witnesses.
This written marriage contract ('Aqd-Nikah) is then announced publicly.

Sermon

The assembly of nikah is addressed with a marriage sermon (khutba-tun-nikah) by the Muslim officiating the marriage. In marriage societies, normally, a state appointed Muslim judge, (Qadi) officiates the nikah ceremony and keeps the record of the marriage contract. However any trust worthy practicing Muslim can conduct the nikah ceremony, as Islam does not advocate priesthood. The documents of marriage contract/certificate are filed with the mosque and local government for record.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) made it his tradition (sunnah) to have marriage sermon delivered in the assembly to solemnize the marriage. The sermon invites the bride and the groom, as well asGeneral Islamic Marriage Guidelines the participating guests in the assembly to a life of faithfulness, mutual love, kindness, and social responsibility.

The Khutbah-tun-Nikah begins with the praise of Allah. His help and guidance is sought. The Muslim testimony of faith that ‘There is none worthy of worship except Allah and Muhammad is His servant and messenger” is declared. The three Quranic verses (Quran 4:1, 3:102, 33:70-71) and one Prophetic saying (hadith) form the main text of the marriage. This hadith is: ‘By Allah! Among all of you I am the most God-fearing, and among you all, I am the super most to save myself from the wrath of Allah, yet my state is that I observe prayer and sleep too.

I observe fast and suspend observing them; I marry woman also. And he who turns away from my Sunnah has no relation with me”. (Bukhari) The Muslim officiating the marriage ceremony concludes the ceremony with prayer (Dua) for bride, groom, their respective families, the local Muslim community, and the Muslim community at large (Ummah).

Marriage (nikah) is considered as an act of worship (ibadah). It is good to conduct it in a Mosque keeping the ceremony simple. The marriage ceremony is a social as well as a religious activity. Islam advocates simplicity in ceremonies and celebrations. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) considered simple weddings the best weddings:
"The best wedding is that upon which the least trouble and expense is bestowed". (Mishkat)

The Marriage Banquet (Walima)

After the ceremony of the marriage (usually next day), the groom holds a banquet called a walima. The relatives, neighbors, and friends are invited in order to make them aware of the marriage. Both rich and poor of the family and community are invited to the marriage feasts. Prophet Muhammad (S) said:
"The worst of the feasts are those marriage feasts to which the rich are invited and the poor are left out". (Mishkat)

It is recommended that Muslims attend marriage ceremonies and marriage feasts upon invitation. Prophet Muhammad (S) said:
"…and he, who refuses to accept an invitation to a marriage feast, verily disobeys Allah and His Prophet". (Ahmad & Abu Dawood)

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